Functional Visual Biomarkers
Photoreceptor
Rod and Cone function can primarily be isolated in a-waves of photoptic and scotopic ERGs.
Diagnosys Protocols: Scotopic and Photopic ERG, Luminance Intensity Series, Flicker Frequency Series
Bipolar
Bipolar cell activity is primarily reflected in the B-wave of the ERG.
Diagnosys Protocols: Photopic and Scotopic ERG
Amacrine
Amacrine cell activity is primarily seen through oscillatory potentials (OPs) of an ERG and may also contribute to the PhNR response.
Diagnosys Protocols: Scotopic and Photopic ERG, PhNR
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Retinal Ganglion Cell activity is primarily measured by pattern ERG (PERG) and contributes to the PhNR response.
Diagnosys Protocols: PERG, PhNR
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium
RPE layer response is primarily identified by the C-wave curve.
Diagnosys Protocols: C-wave
Optic Nerve
The VEP response primarily measures optic nerve conduction to the visual cortex.
Diagnosys Protocols: pattern or flash VEP
Stimulate with flash and pattern
Flash
Choose any color, intensity, frequency, and duration of light for both photopic and scotopic ERG or VEP testing.
Pattern
Select checkerboard, bar, grating, or multifocal stimulus patterns for both ERG and VEP tests.
Featured Protocols
Viz Path
Combines ERG, PhNR, C-wave, and VEP to assess the entire visual pathway.
Simultaneous Pattern ERG & VEP
Elicits a simultaneous response from the retina and visual cortex with pattern stimulation.
Scotopic Threshold Response (STR)
Detects light perception threshold with a dark-adapted flash intensity series.
Flicker Frequency Series
Tests cone responses to a progressively faster flicker stimulus.
Preclinical Publications
Diagnosys maintains a list of references to peer-reviewed journal publications that rely on data collected using Celeris. The papers are classified by animal, test type, and research focus.